How to research US stocks — financial statements, valuation ratios, competitive moats and analysis checklists.
The annual 10-K filed with the SEC is the most complete, honest picture of a US public company. Here's a section-by-section guide to what to read, what to skip and the red flags professionals look for.
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The price-to-earnings ratio is the most quoted valuation metric on Wall Street — and one of the most misunderstood. Learn how to calculate it, interpret it correctly and avoid the traps that catch beginners.
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The income statement shows how much a company sells, what it spends and what's left as profit. Learn to read every line, calculate the key margins and spot red flags before you invest.
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Earnings can be shaped by accounting choices, but cash is much harder to fake. Learn what free cash flow is, how to calculate it, how to use FCF yield for valuation and the red flags it reveals.
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Charts can't predict the future, but they reveal investor psychology. A beginner-friendly guide to the most widely used technical analysis tools.
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Market capitalization tells you how big a company is in the eyes of the stock market. Learn how it's calculated and why it matters for risk and returns.
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Before you buy any stock, run it through this 12-point checklist covering the business, financials, valuation and risks.
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The balance sheet shows what a company owns and owes at a point in time. Here's how to read it and spot financial strength or weakness.
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Return on equity shows how much profit a company generates with shareholders' money. Learn how to calculate it and avoid its traps.
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Too much debt can sink even a great business. Learn how to use the debt-to-equity ratio and related measures to assess financial risk.
Read More →A moat protects a company's profits from competitors. Learn the five main sources of economic moats and how to recognize them.
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Companies spend enormous sums repurchasing their own shares. Learn how buybacks work and when they create — or destroy — value.
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